When a company wants to raise money by selling shares, or when a company/promoter wants to buy shares from existing shareholders, one important question arises: “At what price should the shares be sold or bought?” The answer is not always decided by simply choosing a number. Instead, the market can be asked: “How much are you willing to pay?” — this is the basic idea behind Book Building. “At what price are you willing to sell?” — this is the basic idea behind Reverse Book Bu

ADR and GDR – A Simple Explanation with Real-Life Examples The Basic Problem: How Can Foreign Investors Buy Indian Shares? Imagine an Indian company has grown very fast. It has a good reputation in India, but now it wants to expand further. It needs a large amount of money, and it would like to raise some of that money from investors outside India. For example, an Indian technology company might think: "There are thousands of investors in the United States who may want to inv

"Justice delayed is justice denied." This famous legal principle is more relevant today than ever before. India's judicial system is burdened with millions of pending cases, resulting in years—and sometimes decades—of litigation before parties receive a final decision. Against this backdrop, the Supreme Court's Samadhan Samaroh 2026 has emerged as a significant initiative to promote Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and demonstrate that many disputes can be resolved throug

Choosing the right professional course is one of the most important decisions in your career. Many students know about engineering, medicine, chartered accountancy, and MBA, but very few understand the opportunities offered by the Company Secretary (CS) course. The CS course is not only for students who want to become Company Secretaries. It is also an excellent choice for anyone interested in law, business, corporate governance, finance, and management. So, who should consid

In the corporate world, companies looking to access the stock market generally choose the Initial Public Offering (IPO) route. However, there is another, less common method that often attracts attention—the Reverse Merger, also known as a Backdoor Listing. The proposed combination involving Infra.Market and Shalimar Paints has brought this concept into the spotlight. While the transaction is still being explored and has not been completed, it provides an excellent real-life

What is a Green Shoe Option? A Green Shoe Option (GSO) is a mechanism available in a public issue of securities that allows an issuer to stabilize the market price of its shares after listing. In India, a Green Shoe Option can be used in a public issue, which includes: Initial Public Offer (IPO) – when an unlisted company offers its shares to the public for the first time. Further Public Offer (FPO) – when an already listed company makes another public issue of shares. The Gr

In the fast-paced world of corporate deals, mergers, acquisitions, and amalgamations are powerful tools for growth. However, unchecked consolidation can harm competition, raise prices, reduce choices, and stifle innovation. That’s where India’s Competition Act, 2002 steps in. The Act regulates “Combinations” — a term that broadly covers mergers, acquisitions, and amalgamations — to ensure they do not cause an Appreciable Adverse Effect on Competition (AAEC) in the Indian

In a significant move toward strengthening governance and public trust, the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI) has approved a comprehensive amendments to its conflict of interest framework. These reforms are not just procedural updates—they represent a cultural and procedural shift toward transparency, accountability, and ethical rigor within India’s capital market ecosystem. What’s Changing? SEBI’s board has introduced several key reforms: · Uniform Definition o

SEBI Proposes Easing Reporting Norms for Brokers; Relief Extended to Primary Dealers This article is based on SEBI’s draft circular reported by Moneycontrol on February 13, 2026. is article is based on SEBI’s draft circular reported by Moneycontrol on February 13, 2026. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has proposed significant relaxations in bank account and demat account reporting requirements for stock brokers, extending long-awaited relief to primary deal

SEBI Move to Help Investors Regularise Pending Physical Securities (2026 Update) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has announced a special one-year window to help investors who are still holding physical share certificates that could not be transferred or dematerialised before April 1, 2019. This move is a major relief for thousands of investors facing procedural hurdles, documentation deficiencies, or rejected transfer requests. What Has SEBI Announced? Spec

By Artha Institute of Management The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced a new regulatory framework for stock brokers , replacing the three-decade-old SEBI (Stock Brokers) Regulations, 1992 . The move marks a major shift in Indian securities regulation by allowing stock brokers to engage in other activities regulated by different financial authorities , while simplifying compliance and strengthening investor protection. This reform is part of SEBI’s

MCA Raises ‘Small Company’ Thresholds: What It Means for India’s Growing MSMEs Earlier this month, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified a significant change under the Companies Act, 2013—one that could materially reshape the compliance and growth journey of thousands of Indian businesses. Through notification G.S.R. 880(E) dated December 1 , the MCA revised the criteria for classifying a company as a “small company.” Companies with paid-up capital of up to ₹10 c

SEBI’s FPI Framework Revamp: A Structural Reset for Faster, Cleaner Foreign Investment India’s foreign portfolio investment regime is finally getting the overhaul market participants have quietly been waiting for. In its new consultation paper, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has proposed a comprehensive revamp of the Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) framework , targeting three long-standing conflict points: slow onboarding, duplicative compliance, and frag

SEBI Cancels 68 Investment Adviser Registrations: A Wake-Up Call on Compliance Discipline In a significant regulatory sweep, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has cancelled the registrations of 68 investment advisers (IAs) after they failed to meet mandatory compliance requirements—most notably, non-payment of renewal fees required to maintain their licences. This marks one of SEBI’s largest compliance crackdowns in recent years, underscoring the regulator’s

SEBI Pushes for Greater Institutional & Retail Participation in REITs and InvITs At the National Conclave on REITs and InvITs 2025, SEBI Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey underscored a renewed push to deepen India’s investment ecosystem for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs). With India rapidly scaling its real-estate and infrastructure ambitions, REITs and InvITs are emerging as critical financial instruments to channel long-term,

SEBI Proposes Key Changes to Pre-IPO Lock-in Rules: A Big Push Toward Faster, Cleaner Listings India’s primary markets are in the middle of a historic run. With more than 300 companies raising over $16.55 billion in 2025 alone, the appetite for new listings has rarely been stronger. Against this backdrop, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has unveiled a major proposal aimed at making the IPO process smoother, faster, and far less cumbersome—especially when it

Electronic Gold in India: Features, Investment Mechanics & Trading Explained Introduction The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently issued a cautionary note warning investors against buying “digital gold” from unregulated online platforms. While these digital offerings promise easy gold ownership, they fall outside SEBI’s regulatory framework and expose investors to serious counterparty and operational risks. In contrast, SEBI has introduced regulated electr

Big Crackdown on Anil Ambani: ED Attaches ₹3,084 Crore Worth of Assets In a significant enforcement action, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) has provisionally attached assets worth ₹3,084 crore belonging to the Anil Ambani-led Reliance Group under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) . The attachment order, issued on October 31 , marks one of the largest actions taken against a major Indian industrial group in recent years. The attached properties include a

SEBI Penalises 13 Entities for Front-Running Trades Using Non-Public Information Front-running in the securities market refers to an unfair trading practice where a person (like a broker, trader, or insider) uses confidential or non-public information about an upcoming large trade to make personal profits before that trade is executed. Let us understand: If a trader knows that a big institutional investor (like a mutual fund or FIIs) is about to buy or sell a large qua

Numerous overlapping provisions and number of penalties, sometimes without any monetary cap, creates lot of problems and reputational...