When a company wants to raise money by selling shares, or when a company/promoter wants to buy shares from existing shareholders, one important question arises: “At what price should the shares be sold or bought?” The answer is not always decided by simply choosing a number. Instead, the market can be asked: “How much are you willing to pay?” — this is the basic idea behind Book Building. “At what price are you willing to sell?” — this is the basic idea behind Reverse Book Bu

ADR and GDR – A Simple Explanation with Real-Life Examples The Basic Problem: How Can Foreign Investors Buy Indian Shares? Imagine an Indian company has grown very fast. It has a good reputation in India, but now it wants to expand further. It needs a large amount of money, and it would like to raise some of that money from investors outside India. For example, an Indian technology company might think: "There are thousands of investors in the United States who may want to inv

Choosing the right professional course is one of the most important decisions in your career. Many students know about engineering, medicine, chartered accountancy, and MBA, but very few understand the opportunities offered by the Company Secretary (CS) course. The CS course is not only for students who want to become Company Secretaries. It is also an excellent choice for anyone interested in law, business, corporate governance, finance, and management. So, who should consid

Beyond Traditional Degrees: Best Professional Courses After Plus Two in India For many students in India, life after Plus Two feels confusing. Society often pushes students toward the “default route” — joining a regular degree like B.Com, BBA, BA, or B.Sc. But in today’s rapidly changing economy, a degree alone is no longer enough to build a strong career. Companies now look for: practical skills, professional expertise, industry knowledge, communication ability, and adaptabi

In a significant move toward strengthening governance and public trust, the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI) has approved a comprehensive amendments to its conflict of interest framework. These reforms are not just procedural updates—they represent a cultural and procedural shift toward transparency, accountability, and ethical rigor within India’s capital market ecosystem. What’s Changing? SEBI’s board has introduced several key reforms: · Uniform Definition o

The expression “one level below the Board of Directors” continues to attract debate in the context of appointing a compliance officer....

When we hear the term UPSC (Union Public Service Commission), the first thing that often comes to mind is the Civil Services Examination...

Infosys announced of its largest buyback offer of equity valued at around 18000 crores, which means 1800 Rupees per shares. This is 2.41%...

Filing in Income tax return is one of the routine thing done by a taxpayer every year. Many of the people think that this is one of the...

There is an announcement from ICSI ( Institute of Company Secretaries of India) with regard to modifications in Company secretary course...

Demand Meaning : Desire to buy goods/services with willingness to pay. Law of Demand : When price falls → demand rises; when price rises...

After completing their 12th or graduation, thousands of students are looking forward to crack the higly competitive professional...

1. The teacher asked if ________ to bring our textbooks to class. a) had we all remembered b) all we had remembered c) we had all...

There are heavy discussions happening on the market as well in corporate world about the new gold loan guidelines issued by RBI and its...

For Company Secretary students, understanding key constitutional law cases is crucial, as the Constitution forms the bedrock of all laws,...

Process of direct online registration for Executive Programme for the following 1. Direct Admission – Graduates 2. Post Graduates...

Students often find mastering Company Law for the CS Executive Examinations challenging. The subject covers a broad range of topics that...

Company Secretary examinaton is one of the most challenging for an aspiring student. It is to be noted that Company Law is one the core...

1. Healthcare Initiatives Tata Group – Tata Memorial Hospital Free/subsidized cancer treatment for low-income groups. Reliance Foundation...

ICSI Releases June 2025 CS Exam Schedule: Key Dates and Details The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) has officially...